Gasification

Fast Pyrolysis

Flash Carbonization

Now being commercialized.  These fuel cells use bio-oil or alcohol to generate electricity and heat, which can be recovered for space heat or hot water.  Fuel cells are quiet, clean, 90% efficient, give better quality electricity than the grid and do it more reliably.  With volume, the cost of fuel cells will drop to$400 per installed KW, which is less than any other method of electrical generation. Fuel cells are located on site doing away with the grid... and the utility company for that matter.

The full sized PHEV uses a small diesel or flex fuel engine burning the bio-oil or ethanol from the processes above to drive a generator and an hydraulic pump.  Hydraulic drive eliminates the transmission, drive train, differential and axles to drive the rear wheels. The PHEV has a range of 60 miles on electricity.  Electric motors embedded in the front wheels are powered by totally new types of batteries that have a far greater energy density than the old lead acid types.  Trips of less than 60 miles make up 80% of all miles driven.  As the diesel or flex fuel engine is used only for highway driving, the effective annualized mileage is 300 miles per gallon of liquid fuel.

New systems are now able to extract energy economically from both ocean waves and ocean currents such as the Gulf Stream.

Breakthrough technologies in the conversion of sunlight into electricity use special light sensitive dyes and nanotechnology on plastic films bringing the cost of PV down to a fraction of current costs of solar cells.